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Limonene Terpene – Everything There is to Know

May 26

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Reflections on Canadian Cannabis Legalisation: David Brown, co-founder at Stratcann (AltMed Ep.121)

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CBD Oil Terpene Limonene Guide

Cannabidiol oil, or CBD oil, has been acknowledged for having several health benefits and for treating chronic illnesses. They are composed of cannabidiols derived from cannabis, other cannabinoids, and other naturally occurring compounds. Even the zesty aroma that you might have noticed appears because of terpenes, particularly Limonene. 

What are Terpenes?

CBD oil terpenes are powerful aromatic compounds found in all plants. Besides giving flowers and edible fruits their scent and flavors, they may offer deep therapeutic health benefits. Coupled with endocannabinoids, they are known to have an “entourage effect” on mood disorders, such as depression, generalized anxiety, and other psychiatric disorders and bipolar disorders. They are also used in perfumes, cleaning products, cosmetics, personal care, and even our food to give them that refreshing smell that we have grown to love. 

Here are some of the terms you might have come across: 

  • Terpenes: The natural compound found in the flower or bud of the plant. 
  • Terpenoid: Artificially created after drying and hardening cannabis flowers. 

 

What is Limonene?

Limonene is a colorless hydrocarbon, or a monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively. There are mainly two types: 

  1. Alpha-Limonene, which is a cyclic monoterpene
  2. D-Limonene, which is the D isomer. 

They are further divided into two sub-categories: 

  1. R-Limonene: Isomer R exhibits the characteristics of oranges 
  2. S-Limonene: Isomer S exhibits the characteristics of lemons
CBD Oil Terpene Limonene compound structure

Where Can You Find Limonene? 

Besides cannabis and hemp flower’s resin glands, you’ll find them in herbal plants, such as mint, rosemary, anise, fennel, and juniper. It is also found in citrus fruits like grapefruit, oranges, and lemon. Pure limonene is extracted through a process of hydrodistillation, which is done by soaking and boiling fruit rinds and then condensing the steam to get the extract. 

Not All Citrus-smelling Strains Contain Limonene  

Limonene has a smell profile similar to that of lemons with hints of oranges. However, not all citrus-smelling strains have high limonene levels. For example, Lemon Meringue is low in limonene and instead contains Terpinolene which usually smells like pine trees, flowers, herbs, and as mentioned, citrus. 

Limonene Effects 

One cannot ignore the beneficial properties of this terpene in CBD oil, such as being

  • Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Antinociceptive

Compared to Ibuprofen, rats administered with d-Limonene have reduced intestinal inflammatory scores and significantly lowered serum concentrations of TNF-α compared to untreated TNBS-colitis rats. 

  • Anti-anxiety 

Have been proven to increase serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain region responsible for anxiety and depression. 

  • Anticancer, Antidiabetic, Antihyperalgesic

Animal trials have revealed that D-Limonene can slow the growth of pancreatic, colon, stomach, skin, and liver cancers by altering the signal pathways of the cancer cells and killing them. While studies on humans have not exhibited similar results, their applications are still being extensively researched in this field. 

Moreover, D-Limonene also shows antioxidative properties, which lowers the oxidative stress caused by the changed lipid profiles and hepatic enzyme levels in people with diabetes. 

  • Anti-viral 

Monoterpenes, such as Beta-pinene and limonene, show antiherpetic activities and can reduce infectivity by 100% in the early stages of viral multiplication.

  • Acid-Reflux and Gastroprotectional 

This aromatic compound’s anti-reflux characteristics can relieve heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) and have also been proven to dissolve cholesterol-containing gallstones. 

What are the Side Effects of Limonene? 

These are some of the side effects you might notice from the use of this terpene: 

  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Allergic skin rash
  • Asthma

Can You Get High from Limonene? 

You cannot get high from terpenes as they do not have psychoactive properties. Although if you’re highly sensitive to THC, it may create a temporary sense of euphoria because of the relaxing properties of the compound. 

How AltMed Uses Limonene 

Our CBD oils combine the unique properties of cannabinoids and terpenes to give you the best entourage effect. To assist with symptoms of bloating, gastric reflux, and GI inflammation, we have concocted Gut-Health for a better gut-brain balance. Focus and Flow may help with your stress and anxiety by enhancing mood and focus, promoting neuroplasticity, and aiding cognitive health. Deep Calm and Deep Sleep may help you regain control of your mental health by improving your sleep quality. 

Contact Us 

If you’re unsure about the properties of terpene or the use of CBD oil or alternative medicine practices, check out our resource and FAQ pages. 

PAGE QUICK LINKS

Ep-121 - Reflections on Canadian Cannabis LegalisationYouTube

Reflections on Canadian Cannabis Legalisation: David Brown, co-founder at Stratcann (AltMed Ep.121)

Video
February 6

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